Impamvu Isuku y'Umucyo wo mu Gikari ari ingenzi ku mashuri

Incamake

Abantu benshi bazi ko umwuka wanduye wo hanze ushobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo, ariko umwuka wanduye wo mu nzu nawo ushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kandi mbi ku buzima. Ubushakashatsi bwa EPA ku bantu bugaragaza ko ingano y’imyuka ihumanya mu nzu ishobora kuba inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri eshanu - rimwe na rimwe inshuro zirenga 100 - hejuru y’ingano y’ibyuka byo hanze.1 Izi ngano z’imyuka ihumanya mu nzu ziteye impungenge cyane, kuko abantu benshi bamara hafi 90 ku ijana by’igihe cyabo mu nzu. Ku bw’iyi ngingo, ibisobanuro by’imicungire myiza y’umwuka wo mu nzu (IAQ) birimo:

• Kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere;
• Intangiriro n'ikwirakwizwa ry'umwuka uhagije wo hanze; na
• Kubungabunga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bwemewe

Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ntibishobora kwirengagizwa, kuko impungenge z'ubushyuhe zituma abantu benshi binubira "umwuka mubi." Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe biri mu bintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'imyanda yo mu nzu.

Amasoko yo hanze nayo agomba kwitabwaho kubera ko umwuka wo hanze winjira mu nyubako z'ishuri unyuze mu madirishya, inzugi na sisitemu zo guhumeka. Bityo, ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu byo kubungabunga ubutaka biba ibintu bigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'imyanda yo mu nzu ndetse n'ubwiza bw'umwuka wo hanze ku ishuri.

Kuki IAQ ari ingenzi?

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inyigo zigereranya ingaruka zakozwe n'Inama Ngishwanama ya Siyansi ya EPA (SAB) zakomeje gushyira ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu mu byiciro bitanu by'ingenzi bibangamira ubuzima rusange bw'abaturage. IAQ nziza ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibidukikije byiza byo mu nzu, kandi ishobora gufasha amashuri kugera ku ntego yayo y'ibanze yo kwigisha abana.

Kudakumira cyangwa gusubiza vuba ibibazo bya IAQ bishobora kongera ingaruka ku buzima bw'abanyeshuri n'abakozi mu gihe kirekire no mu gihe gito, nko:

• Inkorora;
• Kubabara amaso;
• Kuribwa umutwe;
• Ubushobozi bwo kugira ubwivumbure;
• Itera indwara ya asima n'izindi ndwara z'ubuhumekero; na
• Mu bihe bidakunze kubaho, bigira uruhare mu gutera indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nko kurwara indwara ya Legionnaire cyangwa uburozi bwa monoxide de carbone.

Hafi umwana 1 kuri 13 bari mu kigero cyo kujya mu ishuri arwaye asima, ikaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera gusiba ishuri bitewe n'indwara zidakira. Hari ibimenyetso byinshi bigaragaza ko kuba mu nzu haba hari ibintu bishobora gutera allergie (nk'udukoko two mu ivumbi, udukoko, n'ibihumyo) bigira uruhare mu gutera ibimenyetso bya asima. Ibi bintu bikunze gutera allergie mu mashuri. Hari kandi ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko kuba hari imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva muri bisi z'ishuri n'izindi modoka byongera asima na allergie. Ibi bibazo bishobora:

• Ingaruka ku bwitabira bw'abanyeshuri, ku ihumure, no ku mikorere yabo;
• Kugabanya imikorere y'abarimu n'abakozi;
• Kwihutisha kwangirika no kugabanya imikorere y'uruganda n'ibikoresho by'ishuri;
• Kongera amahirwe yo gufunga amashuri cyangwa kwimura abayacumbitsemo;
• Imibanire mibi hagati y'abayobozi b'ishuri, ababyeyi n'abakozi;
• Gukora kwamamaza nabi;
• Ingaruka ku cyizere cy’abaturage; na
• Tera ibibazo by'inshingano.

Ibibazo by'umwuka wo mu nzu bishobora kuba bitagaragara neza kandi ntibitanga ingaruka zoroshye ku buzima, imibereho myiza, cyangwa ku bimera. Ibimenyetso birimo kuribwa umutwe, umunaniro, guhumeka nabi, kuziba kw'amasinus, gukorora, kwitsamura, isereri, isesemi, no kurakara mu maso, mu mazuru, mu muhogo no mu ruhu. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bidaterwa n'ubuke bw'umwuka, ahubwo bishobora no guterwa n'ibindi bintu, nko kutagira urumuri, stress, urusaku n'ibindi. Bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kumva ibintu mu ishuri, ibibazo bya IAQ bishobora kugira ingaruka ku itsinda ry'abantu cyangwa ku muntu umwe gusa kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri buri muntu mu buryo butandukanye.

Abantu bashobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ingaruka z’imyanda yo mu nzu barimo, ariko ntibigarukira gusa ku bantu bafite:

• Asima, aleriji, cyangwa se imiti ishobora kwanduza umuntu;
• Indwara z'ubuhumekero;
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwagabanutse (bitewe n'imirasire, imiti ivura indwara, cyangwa indwara); na
• Indorerwamo z'amaso.

Hari amatsinda y'abantu ashobora kwibasirwa cyane no guhura n'imyanda imwe n'imwe cyangwa ibintu bihumanya ikirere. Urugero, abantu barwaye indwara z'umutima bashobora kugira ingaruka mbi cyane no guhura n'imyanda ya karubone kurusha abantu bazima. Abantu bahura n'imyanda ya azote ku rugero runini nabo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara z'ubuhumekero.

Byongeye kandi, imibiri y'abana ikura ishobora kwibasirwa cyane n'ibidukikije kurusha iy'abantu bakuru. Abana bahumeka umwuka mwinshi, barya ibiryo byinshi kandi banywa amazi menshi ugereranyije n'uburemere bw'umubiri wabo kurusha abantu bakuru. Kubwibyo, ubwiza bw'umwuka mu mashuri ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Kubungabunga neza umwuka wo mu nzu ni ikintu kirenze "ubwiza" gusa; bikubiyemo umutekano no gucunga ishoramari ryawe mu banyeshuri, abakozi n'ibigo.

Ku bindi bisobanuro, rebaUbwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu.

Amareferensi

1. Wallace, Lance A., n'abandi. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gusuzuma imiterere y'umubiri (TEAM): Kwishyira mu mwanya w'umuntu ku giti cye, isano iri hagati y'imbere n'inyuma, n'urugero rw'umwuka w'ibintu bihindagurika mu mubiri muri New Jersey.Ibidukikije. Int.1986,12, 369-387.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412086900516

Biva kuri https://www.epa.gov/iaq-schools/why-indoor-air-quality-important-schools