Ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu riterwa no gutwika amasoko y’ibicanwa bikomeye - nk’inkwi, imyanda y’imyaka, n’amase - kugira ngo bitekerwe kandi bishyushye.
Gutwika ibicanwa nk'ibyo, cyane cyane mu ngo zikennye, bitera umwanda w'umwuka utera indwara z'ubuhumekero zishobora gutera urupfu rw'igihe gito. OMS ivuga ko umwanda w'umwuka wo mu nzu ari "ikintu gikomeye ku isi ku buzima bushingiye ku bidukikije."
Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bishobora gutera impfu z'igihe gito
Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ni ryo ritera impfu z'igihe gito mu bihugu bikennye
Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ku bidukikije ku isi – cyane cyane kuabakene cyane ku isiakenshi badashobora kubona ibicanwa bisukuye byo guteka.
ItsindaUmutwaro w'indwara ku isini ubushakashatsi bukomeye ku isi ku mpamvu n'ibintu bishobora gutera urupfu n'indwara byasohotse mu kinyamakuru cy'ubuvuziLancet.2Ibi bigereranyo by'umubare w'impfu ziterwa n'ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibyago bigaragazwa hano. Iyi mbonerahamwe igaragazwa ku isi yose, ariko ishobora gusuzumwa ku gihugu icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa akarere hakoreshejwe "change country".
Ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu ni ikintu gitera impfu nyinshi ku isi, harimo indwara z’umutima, umusonga, indwara zo gucika kw’imitsi, diyabete na kanseri y’ibihaha.3Mu mbonerahamwe tubona ko ari kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bishobora gutera urupfu ku isi.
Dukurikije ibivugwa naUmutwaro w'indwara ku isiInyigo y’ubushakashatsi impfu 2313991 zatewe n’umwanda wo mu nzu mu mwaka ushize.
Kubera ko amakuru ya IHME ari ay’ubushize, twishingikiriza cyane ku makuru ya IHME mu kazi kacu ku ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu. Ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko OMS yasohoye umubare munini cyane w’impfu ziterwa n’ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu. Mu 2018 (amakuru aheruka kuboneka), OMS yagereranyije impfu miliyoni 3.8.4
Ingaruka z’umwuka uhumanya ikirere mu nzu ku buzima ziri hejuru cyane cyane mu bihugu bikize. Iyo turebye isesengura ry’ibihugu bifite igipimo cy’imibereho y’abaturage kiri hasi - 'Low SDI' ku mbonerahamwe y’imikoranire - tubona ko umwuka uhumanya ikirere mu nzu uri mu bintu bibi cyane bishobora gutera ibyago.
Ikwirakwira ry'impfu zikomoka ku ihumana ry'ikirere mu nzu ku isi
4.1% by'impfu ku isi ziterwa n'ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu
Ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu ryatewe n’impfu zisaga 2313991 mu mwaka ushize. Ibi bivuze ko ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu ryabaye nyirabayazana wa 4.1% by’impfu ku isi.
Ku ikarita hano tubona umubare w'impfu za buri mwaka ziterwa n'ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu hirya no hino ku isi.
Iyo tugereranije umubare w'impfu ziterwa n'ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu haba mu gihe runaka cyangwa hagati y'ibihugu, ntabwo tuba tugereranya gusa ingano y'ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu, ahubwo tuba tugereranya n'ubukana bwaryo.mu rwegoizindi mpamvu zishobora gutera urupfu. Igice cy'ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ntigiterwa gusa n'umubare w'abantu bapfa imburagihe, ahubwo giterwa n'ibindi abantu bapfa n'uko ibi birimo guhinduka.
Iyo turebye umubare w’abantu bapfa bitewe n’ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu, imibare iri hejuru mu bihugu bifite amikoro make cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, ariko ntabwo itandukanye cyane n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya cyangwa Amerika y’Epfo. Aho ngaho, ubukana bw’ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu - rigaragazwa nk’umubare w’impfu - ryahishwe n’uruhare rw’ibindi bintu bishobora guteza akaga ku bantu bafite amikoro make, nko kuba abantu bake bashobora kubonaamazi meza, umukeneisukun'imibonano mpuzabitsina idahwitse, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu bishobora guteraVIH/SIDA.
Igipimo cy'impfu kiri hejuru cyane mu bihugu bikize
Igipimo cy'impfu zikomoka ku ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu kiduha igereranya nyaryo ry'itandukaniro ry'ingaruka z'impfu hagati y'ibihugu n'uko ibihe bigenda bihita. Bitandukanye n'umubare w'impfu twakozeho ubushakashatsi mbere, igipimo cy'impfu ntigiterwa n'uburyo izindi mpamvu cyangwa ibintu bishobora gutera urupfu bihinduka.
Muri iyi karita tubona igipimo cy'impfu zikomoka ku ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ku isi hose. Igipimo cy'impfu gipima umubare w'impfu ku bantu 100.000 mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere runaka.
Ikigaragara ni itandukaniro rinini mu mibare y’impfu hagati y’ibihugu: igipimo kiri hejuru mu bihugu bifite amikoro make, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara na Aziya.
Gereranya ibi bipimo n'ibyo mu bihugu bikize: muri Amerika ya Ruguru ibipimo by'impfu biri munsi ya 0.1 kuri 100.000. Iryo ni itandukaniro rirenze inshuro 1000.
Ikibazo cy’umwuka uhumanya ikirere mu nzu gifite itandukaniro rigaragara mu bukungu: ni ikibazo cyamaze gukurwaho burundu mu bihugu bikize, ariko kiracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku bidukikije no ku buzima ku bantu bafite amikoro make.
Tubona iyi sano neza iyo duteganya ingano y'impfu ugereranyije n'amafaranga yinjira, nk'uko bigaragazwa.hanoHari isano ikomeye: umubare w'impfu ugabanuka uko ibihugu birushaho gukira. Ibi kandi ni ukuri iyogereranya ikihagati y'igipimo cy'ubukene bukabije n'ingaruka z'umwanda.
Ni gute impfu zikomoka ku ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu zahindutse uko igihe cyagiye gihita?
Impfu zituruka ku ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu buri mwaka zaragabanutse ku isi
Nubwo ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu rikiri kimwe mu bintu bikomeye bitera impfu, kandi kikaba ari cyo kintu gikomeye gitera impfu nke, isi nayo yateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize.
Ku isi yose, umubare w’impfu za buri mwaka ziturutse ku ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu waragabanutse cyane kuva mu 1990. Ibi tubibona mu ishusho, igaragaza umubare w’impfu za buri mwaka ziterwa n’ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu ku isi.
Ibi bivuze ko nubwo byakomejeubwiyongere bw'abaturagemu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ishize,igiteranyoUmubare w'impfu ziturutse ku ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzu uracyagabanuka.
Biturutse kuri https://ourworldindata.org/indoor-air-pollution
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-10-2022