Inyigisho ku Ireme ry'Umucyo wo mu Gikari

Intangiriro

Ibibazo by'Ubuziranenge bw'Umucyo wo mu Gikari

Twese duhura n'ibibazo bitandukanye ku buzima bwacu mu gihe dukomeza ubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Gutwara imodoka, kuguruka mu ndege, gukora imyidagaduro, no guhura n'ibintu byangiza ibidukikije byose biteza ibyago bitandukanye. Hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zidashobora kwirindwa. Zimwe duhitamo kwemera kuko kubikora bitabaye ibyo byatubuza kubaho mu buzima bwacu uko dushaka. Hari n'izindi ngaruka dushobora guhitamo kwirinda turamutse tubonye amahirwe yo gufata ibyemezo bifatika. Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu ni imwe mu ngaruka ushobora kugira icyo ukoraho.

Mu myaka mike ishize, ibimenyetso byinshi bya siyansi byagaragaje ko umwuka uri mu ngo no mu zindi nyubako ushobora kwanduzwa cyane kurusha umwuka wo hanze ndetse no mu mijyi minini kandi iteye imbere cyane. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bamara hafi 90 ku ijana by'igihe cyabo mu nzu. Bityo, ku bantu benshi, ingaruka ku buzima zishobora kuba nyinshi bitewe no guhumeka umwuka uhumanya mu nzu kuruta hanze.

Byongeye kandi, abantu bashobora guhura n’imyanda ihumanya ikirere mu nzu igihe kirekire ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane n’ingaruka z’imyanda ihumanya ikirere mu nzu. Ayo matsinda arimo abakiri bato, abageze mu za bukuru, n’abarwayi badakira, cyane cyane abafite indwara z’ubuhumekero cyangwa iz’umutima n’imitsi.

Kuki hakenewe ubuyobozi bw'umutekano mu kirere cyo mu nzu?

Nubwo ingano y’imyanda ituruka ku masoko yihariye ishobora kutagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima ubwayo, ingo nyinshi zifite amasoko arenze imwe atuma habaho ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu. Hashobora kubaho ingaruka zikomeye zituruka ku ngaruka z’ayo masoko. Ku bw’amahirwe, hari intambwe abantu benshi bashobora gufata kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago bituruka ku masoko asanzwe no gukumira ibibazo bishya. Iyi nyandiko y’umutekano yateguwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Amerika (EPA) na Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi muri Amerika (CPSC) kugira ngo igufashe gufata icyemezo cyo gufata ingamba zishobora kugabanya urwego rw’imyanda ituruka mu nzu yawe.

Kubera ko Abanyamerika benshi bamara igihe kinini mu biro bifite uburyo bwo gushyushya, gukonjesha no guhumeka, hari n'igice gito kivuga ku mpamvu zitera umwuka mubi mu biro n'icyo wakora niba ukeka ko ibiro byawe bishobora kugira ikibazo. Inkoranyamagambo n'urutonde rw'ibigo ushobora kubonamo andi makuru biraboneka muri iyi nyandiko.

Ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu yawe

Ni iki gitera ibibazo by'umwuka wo mu nzu?

Isoko ry’imyanda yo mu nzu isohora imyuka cyangwa uduce duto mu kirere ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka wo mu nzu mu ngo. Guhumeka nabi bishobora kongera urugero rw’imyanda yo mu nzu bitewe nuko nta mwuka uhagije wo hanze uhagije wo kugabanya imyuka iva mu nzu no kudatwara imyanda yo mu nzu mu nzu. Ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubushuhe bishobora kongera ubwinshi bw’imyanda imwe n’imwe.

Inkomoko y'Ibintu Bihumanya

Hari ahantu henshi hahumanya umwuka wo mu nzu mu rugo urwo arirwo rwose. Harimo ahantu hatwikwa nka peteroli, gaze, peteroli, amakara, ibiti, n'itabi; ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho bitandukanye nk'ibyangiritse, ubushyuhe burimo asibesitosi, tapi itose cyangwa itose, n'ibikoresho byo mu kabati cyangwa ibikoresho bikozwe mu biti bimwe na bimwe byakaswe; ibikoresho byo gusukura no kubungabunga urugo, kwita ku muntu ku giti cye, cyangwa ibyo kwishimisha; ibikoresho byo gushyushya no gukonjesha hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya; n'aho hanze nka radon, imiti yica udukoko, n'umwuka wo hanze wanduye.

Akamaro k'isoko rimwe gaterwa n'ingano y'imyanda iva mu bimera n'uburyo iyo myuka ihumanya ikora. Hari igihe ibintu nk'imyaka isoko imaze ndetse niba ibungabunzwe neza ni ingenzi. Urugero, ishyiga rya gaze ritahinduwe neza rishobora gusohora mozokside karubone nyinshi cyane kurusha iryahinduwe neza.

Amwe mu masoko, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo nk'imiti ishyushya umwuka, isohora imyanda buri gihe. Andi masoko, ajyanye n'ibikorwa bikorerwa mu rugo, asohora imyanda buri gihe. Harimo kunywa itabi, gukoresha amashyiga adafunguye cyangwa adakora neza, amatanura, cyangwa ibyuma bishyushya, gukoresha imiti isukura mu bikorwa byo gusukura no mu kwidagadura, gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi mu mirimo yo kongera gushariza, no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusukura n'imiti yica udukoko mu isuku. Ubwinshi bw'imyanda bushobora kuguma mu kirere igihe kirekire nyuma ya bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa.

Ingano y'ubuhumekero

Iyo umwuka wo hanze uke cyane winjira mu nzu, imyanda ishobora kwirundanya kugeza ku rugero rushobora guteza ibibazo by'ubuzima n'ihumure. Keretse iyo byubatswe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo guhumeka, amazu yakozwe kandi yubatswe kugira ngo agabanye ingano y'umwuka wo hanze ushobora "kwinjira" mu nzu no hanze yayo ashobora kugira ingano y'imyanda myinshi kurusha andi mazu. Ariko, kubera ko ikirere kimwe gishobora kugabanya cyane ingano y'umwuka wo hanze winjira mu nzu, imyanda ishobora kwiyongera no mu mazu asanzwe afatwa nk' "amenetse."

Ni gute umwuka wo hanze winjira mu nzu?

Umwuka wo hanze winjira kandi ugasohoka mu nzu binyuze mu: kwinjira, guhumeka bisanzwe, no guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Mu buryo bwitwa kwinjira, umwuka wo hanze winjira mu nzu unyuze mu myobo, mu ngingo, no mu myenge iri mu nkuta, hasi, no mu gisenge, no hafi y'amadirishya n'inzugi. Mu guhumeka bisanzwe, umwuka unyura mu madirishya n'inzugi bifunguye. Ingendo z'umwuka zijyanye no kwinjira no guhumeka bisanzwe biterwa n'itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'umwuka hagati y'inzu no hanze ndetse n'umuyaga. Hanyuma, hari ibikoresho byinshi byo guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, kuva ku bafana bafite umwuka wo hanze bakura umwuka mu cyumba kimwe, nko mu bwiherero no mu gikoni, kugeza kuri sisitemu zo gufata umwuka zikoresha abafana n'imiyoboro y'amazi kugira ngo bakomeze gukura umwuka wo mu nzu no gukwirakwiza umwuka wo hanze wayunguruwe kandi ushyushye mu ngingo z'ingenzi mu nzu yose. Igipimo umwuka wo hanze usimbura umwuka wo mu nzu gisobanurwa nk'igipimo cyo guhanahana umwuka. Iyo hari ukwinjira guke, guhumeka karemano, cyangwa guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, igipimo cyo guhanahana umwuka kiba kiri hasi kandi urugero rw'imyanda rushobora kwiyongera.

Bituruka kuri: https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Guides/Home/The-Inside-Story-A-Guide-to-Indoor-Air-Quality