Intangiriro

Ibinyabutabire by’umwimerere (VOCs) bihinduka nk’imyuka iva mu bintu bimwe na bimwe bikomeye cyangwa ibinyobwa. VOCs zirimo imiti itandukanye, imwe muri yo ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’igihe gito cyangwa kirekire. Ingano ya VOCs nyinshi ihora iri hejuru mu nzu (kugeza ku nshuro icumi) kurusha iyo hanze. VOCs zisohoka mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bibarirwa mu bihumbi.

Imiti ikomoka ku bimera ikoreshwa cyane nk'ibintu bigize ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Amarangi, varnish n'ibishashara byose birimo ibintu bisukura, kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi byo gusukura, kwica udukoko, kwisiga, gukuraho amavuta n'ibindi bikoreshwa mu kwishimisha. Ibikomoka ku bimera bigizwe n'imiti ikomoka ku bimera. Ibi byose bishobora kurekura ibintu bikomoka ku bimera mu gihe ubikoresha, ndetse no mu gihe bibitswe.

Inyigo y’Ubushakashatsi n’Iterambere ya EPA yitwa “Uburyo bwo Gusuzuma Ihumana ry’Ibintu (TEAM)” (Umubumbe wa I kugeza kuri IV, yarangiye mu 1985) yasanze urugero rw’ibintu bihumanya ikirere bikunze kugaragara mu ngo rukubye inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5 imbere mu ngo kurusha hanze, hatitawe ku kuba amazu yari aherereye mu cyaro cyangwa mu nganda zikora cyane. Inyigo za TEAM zagaragaje ko mu gihe abantu bakoresha ibintu birimo imiti ihumanya ikirere, bashobora kwishyira mu kaga no gushyira abandi mu kaga gakomeye, kandi ingano y’ibintu ishobora kuguma mu kirere igihe kirekire nyuma y’uko igikorwa kirangiye.

---

Amasoko ya VOC

Ibikoresho byo mu rugo, birimo:

• amarangi, ibikoresho byo gukuraho irangi n'ibindi bintu bishongesha
• imiti irinda ibiti
• spray za aerosol
• imiti isukura n'imiti yica udukoko
• imiti yica udukoko n'imashini zihumura umwuka
• ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka bibitswe
• ibikoresho by'imyidagaduro
• imyenda isukuye
• imiti yica udukoko

Ibindi bicuruzwa, birimo:

• ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu
• ibikoresho byo mu biro nk'imashini zikora kopi n'imashini zicapa, ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gukosora impapuro zidafite karuboni
• ibikoresho by'ibishushanyo n'ubukorikori birimo kole n'amakole, ibimenyetso bihoraho n'ibisubizo by'amafoto.

---

Ingaruka ku buzima

Ingaruka ku buzima zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Uburibwe bw'amaso, izuru n'umuhogo
• Kuribwa umutwe, kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza imikorere n'isesemi
• Kwangirika k'umwijima, impyiko n'imitsi yo hagati
• Bimwe mu binyabuzima bishobora gutera kanseri mu nyamaswa, bimwe bikekwa cyangwa bizwi ko bitera kanseri mu bantu.

Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bifitanye isano no kwandura VOC birimo:

• uburibwe bw'inkari mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutima
• kubabara mu mazuru no mu muhogo
• umutwe
• ingaruka z'uruhu ku ruhu
• kubura umwuka wo mu bwonko
• kugabanuka k'urugero rwa kolinesterase mu maraso
• isesemi
• gusohora amazi
• epistaxis
• umunaniro
• isereri

Ubushobozi bw'imiti ikomoka ku bimera mu mubiri bwo guteza ingaruka ku buzima buratandukanye cyane uhereye ku ifite uburozi bwinshi, kugeza ku idafite ingaruka ku buzima izwi.

Kimwe n'izindi myanda ihumanya, ingano n'imiterere y'ingaruka ku buzima bizaterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo urwego rw'ikwirakwizwa n'igihe imaze igaragara. Mu bimenyetso by'ibanze bamwe mu bantu bahuye nabyo nyuma gato yo guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'umwimerere harimo:

• Uburibwe bw'amaso n'inzira z'ubuhumekero
• umutwe
• isereri
• indwara zo kutabona no kudakora neza mu kwibuka

Kugeza ubu, nta byinshi birazwi ku ngaruka ku buzima zituruka ku rugero rw'ibikomoka ku bimera bikunze kuboneka mu ngo.

---

Urwego mu mazu

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko urugero rw'ibintu byinshi by'umwimerere ruri hejuru inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5 mu nzu ugereranyije n'ibyo hanze. Mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi nyuma y'ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko gusiga irangi, urugero rushobora kuba inshuro 1.000 ku rugero rwo hanze inyuma.

---

Intambwe zo kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry'ibintu

• Ongera umwuka uhumeka mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho bisohora VOC.
• Kuzuza cyangwa kurenza ingamba zose zo kwirinda kugaragara ku kirango.
• Ntukabike mu ishuri ibikoresho bifunguye birimo amarangi adakoreshejwe n'ibindi bisa.
• Formaldehyde, imwe muri VOC zizwi cyane, ni imwe mu myanda mike ihumanya ikirere yo mu nzu ishobora gupimwa byoroshye.
  • Shaka, kandi nibishoboka, ukureho isoko.
  • Niba bidashoboka gukuraho, gabanya uburyo bwo kubyihisha ukoresheje agakoresho ko gufunga ahantu hose hagaragaraho amabati n'ibindi bikoresho.
• Koresha uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko buhuriweho kugira ngo ugabanye ikenerwa ry'imiti yica udukoko.
• Koresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo ukurikije amabwiriza y'uwabikoze.
• Menya neza ko utanga umwuka mwiza mwinshi mu gihe ukoresha ibi bicuruzwa.
• Tata ibikoresho bitarakoreshwa cyangwa bitarakoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwizewe; gura byinshi uzakoresha vuba.
• Bika ahantu abana n'amatungo batagera.
• Ntuzigere uvanga ibikoresho byo kwita ku rugo keretse byanditse ku kirango.

Kurikiza witonze amabwiriza yo kwandika ku kirango.

Ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga akenshi biba bifite amaburira agamije kugabanya impanuka ku muntu ubikoresha. Urugero, niba icyapa kivuga ko ugomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa ahantu hari umwuka mwiza, jya hanze cyangwa ahantu hari icyuma gisohora umwuka kugira ngo ubikoreshe. Bitabaye ibyo, fungura amadirishya kugira ngo utange umwuka mwinshi wo hanze ushoboka.

Tata ibikoresho byuzuyemo imiti ishaje cyangwa idafite akamaro mu buryo bwizewe.

Kubera ko imyuka ishobora kuva ndetse no mu bikoresho bifunze, iyi ntambwe imwe ishobora gufasha kugabanya ubunini bw'imiti ikomoka ku bimera mu rugo rwawe. (Menya neza ko ibikoresho uhisemo kubika bitabikwa ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza gusa ahubwo ko kandi bitagera ku bana.) Ntukajugunye gusa ibyo bintu udashaka mu gisanduku cy'imyanda. Menya niba ubuyobozi bwawe bw'ibanze cyangwa umuryango uwo ari wo wose mu gace utuyemo utera inkunga iminsi yihariye yo gukusanya imyanda y'uburozi mu ngo. Niba iyo minsi ihari, yikoreshe mu kujugunya ibikoresho udashaka mu mutekano. Niba nta minsi nk'iyo yo gukusanya ihari, tekereza kuyitegura.

Gura ingano nke.

Niba ukoresha ibikoresho rimwe na rimwe cyangwa mu bihe bitandukanye, nk'irangi, imashini zikuraho irangi na peteroli mu byuma bishyushya cyangwa lisansi mu byuma bikata ubwatsi, gura ibyo uzakoresha ako kanya.

Komeza guhura n'imyuka ihumanya ituruka ku bicuruzwa birimo methylene chloride ku rugero ruto.

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa birimo methylene chloride birimo ibikoresho byo gukuraho irangi, ibikoresho byo gukuraho kole n'irangi rya aerosol. Methylene chloride izwiho gutera kanseri mu nyamaswa. Nanone, methylene chloride ihinduka monoxide karubone mu mubiri kandi ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bijyana no guhura na monoxide karubone. Soma witonze ibyapa birimo amakuru ajyanye n'ibyago ku buzima n'amabwiriza ku ikoreshwa ry'ibi bikoresho. Koresha ibikoresho birimo methylene chloride hanze igihe bishoboka; koresha mu nzu gusa iyo ahantu hari umwuka mwiza.

Komeza kwibasirwa na benzene ku rugero ruto.

Benzene ni kanseri izwiho ku bantu. Inkomoko nyamukuru y'iyi miti ikomoka mu nzu ni:

• umwotsi w'itabi uturuka ku bidukikije
• ibicanwa bibitswe
• ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi
• imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu modoka mu magaraje afatanye

Ibikorwa bizagabanya ubwiyongere bwa benzene birimo:

• kurandura itabi mu rugo
• gutanga umwuka mwinshi mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi
• guta ibikoresho by'irangi n'ibicanwa byihariye bitazakoreshwa ako kanya

Komeza guhura n'imyuka ya perchloroethylene iva mu bikoresho bishya byasukuwe byumye ku rugero ruto.

Perchloroethylene ni yo miti ikoreshwa cyane mu gusukura byumye. Mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratwari, byagaragaye ko itera kanseri mu nyamaswa. Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekana ko abantu bahumeka iki kinyabutabire kiri hasi haba mu ngo aho ibintu byasukuwe byumye bibikwa ndetse no mu gihe bambaye imyenda yasukuwe byumye. Abasukuwe b'imyuka bongera gufata perchloroethylene mu gihe cyo gusukura byumye kugira ngo babashe kuzigama amafaranga bongera kuyikoresha, kandi bakuraho imiti myinshi mu gihe cyo kuyikanda no kuyirangiza. Ariko, zimwe muri iyo miti yasukuwe byumye ntizikuraho perchloroethylene nyinshi uko bishoboka kose.

Gufata ingamba zo kugabanya kwanduzwa n'iki kinyabutabire ni ukwitonda.

• Niba ibiryo byogejwe byumye bifite impumuro ikomeye ya shimi igihe ubitoraguye, ntubyakire kugeza igihe byumye neza.
• Niba ibicuruzwa bifite impumuro y'imiti bigusubijwe nyuma yo kubisura, gerageza ubundi buryo bwo gusukura.

 

Biva kuri https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality