Intangiriro

Ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOCs) bisohoka nka gaze ziva mubintu bimwe na bimwe. VOC zirimo imiti itandukanye, imwe murimwe ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwigihe gito kandi kirekire. Ihuriro rya VOC nyinshi zihora hejuru murugo (kugeza inshuro icumi hejuru) kuruta hanze. VOC isohorwa nibintu byinshi byibicuruzwa bibarirwa mu bihumbi.

Imiti kama ikoreshwa cyane nkibigize ibikoresho byo murugo. Irangi, amarangi n'ibishashara byose birimo ibishishwa kama, kimwe nibisuku byinshi, byangiza, kwisiga, kwangiza no kwishimisha. Ibicanwa bigizwe nimiti kama. Ibicuruzwa byose birashobora kurekura ibinyabuzima mugihe urimo kubikoresha, kandi, kurwego runaka, iyo bibitswe.

Ibiro bya EPA bishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byiswe “Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)” (Umubumbe wa I kugeza ku wa IV, warangiye mu 1985) wasanze urwego rw’imyanda ihumanya icumi ihumanya ikubye inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5 imbere mu ngo kuruta hanze, tutitaye ko amazu yari aherereye mu cyaro cyangwa mu nganda cyane. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na TEAM bwerekanye ko mugihe abantu bakoresha ibicuruzwa birimo imiti kama, barashobora kwigaragariza hamwe nabandi kurwego rwo hejuru rwanduye, kandi imbaraga nyinshi zishobora kuguma mu kirere nyuma yigihe ibikorwa birangiye.

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Inkomoko ya VOC

Ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo, harimo:

• amarangi, gusiga amarangi hamwe nandi mashanyarazi
• kubika ibiti
• aerosol
• isuku hamwe na disinfectant
• inyenzi zica inyenzi hamwe na fresheners
• ibicanwa bibitswe n'ibicuruzwa bitwara imodoka
• ibikoresho byo kwishimisha
• imyenda isukuye
• imiti yica udukoko

Ibindi bicuruzwa, harimo:

• ibikoresho byo kubaka n'ibikoresho
• ibikoresho byo mu biro nka kopi na printer, amazi yo gukosora nimpapuro za kopi zitagira karubone
• ibishushanyo n'ibikoresho by'ubukorikori birimo kole hamwe n'ibifatika, ibimenyetso bihoraho hamwe n'ibisubizo bifotora.

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Ingaruka zubuzima

Ingaruka ku buzima zishobora kubamo:

• Ijisho, izuru n'umuhogo
• Kubabara umutwe, gutakaza guhuza no kugira isesemi
• Kwangiza umwijima, impyiko na sisitemu yo hagati
• Ibinyabuzima bimwe bishobora gutera kanseri mu nyamaswa, bimwe bikekwa cyangwa bizwi ko bitera kanseri mu bantu.

Ibimenyetso byingenzi cyangwa ibimenyetso bifitanye isano no guhura na VOC harimo:

• kurakara
• izuru n'umuhogo
• kubabara umutwe
• uruhu rwa allergique
• dyspnea
• igabanuka muri serumu cholinesterase
• isesemi
• emesi
• epistaxis
• umunaniro
• kuzunguruka

Ubushobozi bwimiti mvaruganda itera ingaruka zubuzima buratandukanye cyane nuburozi bukabije, kubadafite ingaruka zubuzima zizwi.

Kimwe nizindi myanda ihumanya, urugero na miterere yingaruka zubuzima bizaterwa nibintu byinshi birimo urwego rwo guhura nigihe kirekire cyagaragaye. Mu bimenyetso byihuse abantu bamwe bahuye nabyo nyuma yo guhura nibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe harimo:

• Ijisho ryubuhumekero
• kubabara umutwe
• kuzunguruka
• kutabona neza no kutabona neza

Kugeza ubu, ntabwo bizwi cyane ku ngaruka z’ubuzima ziva ku rwego rw’ibinyabuzima bikunze kuboneka mu ngo.

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Inzego mu ngo

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko urwego rwibinyabuzima rugereranije inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 5 murugo kuruta hanze. Mugihe cyamasaha menshi ako kanya nyuma yibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko gukuramo amarangi, urwego rushobora kuba inshuro 1.000 inyuma yurwego rwo hanze.

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Intambwe zo Kugabanya Kumurika

• Ongera umwuka mugihe ukoresheje ibicuruzwa bisohora VOC.
• Guhura cyangwa kurenza ikirango icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kwirinda.
• Ntukabike ibikoresho byafunguye amarangi adakoreshwa hamwe nibikoresho bisa mwishuri.
• Formaldehyde, imwe muri VOC izwi cyane, ni imwe mu myuka ihumanya ikirere yo mu ngo ishobora gupimwa byoroshye.
  • Menya, kandi niba bishoboka, kura isoko.
  • Niba bidashoboka kuvanaho, gabanya imikoreshereze ukoresheje kashe kumurongo wose ugaragara wibibaho hamwe nibindi bikoresho.
• Koresha uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko twangiza kugirango ugabanye imiti yica udukoko.
• Koresha ibicuruzwa byo murugo ukurikije amabwiriza yabakozwe.
• Menya neza ko utanga umwuka mwiza mugihe ukoresheje ibyo bicuruzwa.
• Fata ibikoresho bidakoreshwa cyangwa bike bikoreshwa neza; gura mubwinshi uzakoresha vuba.
• Ntukagere kubana n'amatungo.
• Ntuzigere uvanga ibicuruzwa byo murugo keretse byerekanwe kuri label.

Kurikiza amabwiriza ya label witonze.

Ibicuruzwa bishobora guteza akaga akenshi bifite umuburo ugamije kugabanya imikoreshereze yabakoresha. Kurugero, niba ikirango kivuga gukoresha ibicuruzwa ahantu hafite umwuka uhumeka neza, jya hanze cyangwa ahantu hashyizwemo umuyaga mwinshi kugirango ubikoreshe. Bitabaye ibyo, fungura Windows kugirango utange urugero ntarengwa rwumwuka wo hanze bishoboka.

Fata igice cyuzuye cyuzuye ibikoresho bishaje cyangwa bidakenewe mumutekano.

Kuberako imyuka ishobora kuva no mubikoresho bifunze, iyi ntambwe imwe irashobora gufasha kugabanya ubukana bwimiti kama murugo rwawe. . Menya niba ubuyobozi bwibanze cyangwa umuryango uwo ariwo wose mubaturage mutera inkunga iminsi idasanzwe yo gukusanya imyanda yo murugo. Niba iminsi nkiyi iboneka, koresha kugirango ujugunye ibikoresho bidakenewe neza. Niba nta minsi yo gukusanya ihari, tekereza kubitegura.

Gura umubare muto.

Niba ukoresha ibicuruzwa rimwe na rimwe cyangwa ibihe, nk'ibara, irangi, amarangi hamwe na kerosene kubushyuhe bwo mu kirere cyangwa lisansi yo guca nyakatsi, gura gusa nkuko uzakoresha ako kanya.

Komeza guhura nibisohoka mubicuruzwa birimo methylene chloride kugeza byibuze.

Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi birimo methylene chloride harimo gukuramo amarangi, kuvanaho imiti hamwe n amarangi ya spray ya aerosol. Methylene chloride izwiho gutera kanseri mu nyamaswa. Nanone, methylene chloride ihindurwamo monoxyde de carbone mu mubiri kandi irashobora gutera ibimenyetso bifitanye isano no guhura na monoxyde de carbone. Witonze usome ibirango birimo amakuru yangiza ubuzima kandi witondere gukoresha neza ibyo bicuruzwa. Koresha ibicuruzwa birimo methylene chloride hanze mugihe bishoboka; koresha mu nzu gusa niba agace gahumeka neza.

Komeza guhura na benzene byibuze.

Benzene ni kanseri izwi. Inkomoko nyamukuru yimbere muriyi miti ni:

• umwotsi w'itabi ibidukikije
• ibicanwa bibitswe
• ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi
• ibyuka byimodoka muri garage

Ibikorwa bizagabanya benzene harimo:

• kurandura itabi murugo
• gutanga umwuka mwinshi mugihe cyo gushushanya
• guta ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi hamwe nibicanwa bidasanzwe bitazahita bikoreshwa

Komeza guhura nibyuka bya perchlorethylene biva mubikoresho bishya byumye-byibuze.

Perchlorethylene ni imiti ikoreshwa cyane mugusukura byumye. Mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratoire, byagaragaye ko bitera kanseri ku nyamaswa. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko abantu bahumeka imiti mike haba mu ngo zibikwa ibicuruzwa byumye kandi nkuko bambara imyenda isukuye. Isuku yumye yongeye gufata perchlorethylene mugihe cyogusukura cyumye kugirango bashobore kuzigama amafaranga bongeye kuyakoresha, kandi bakuramo imiti myinshi mugihe cyo gukanda no kurangiza. Bamwe basukura byumye, ariko, ntibakuraho perchlorethylene ishoboka igihe cyose.

Gufata ingamba zo kugabanya guhura niyi miti ni ubushishozi.

• Niba ibicuruzwa bisukuye byumye bifite impumuro nziza ya chimique mugihe ubitoraguye, ntukemere kugeza byumye neza.
• Niba ibicuruzwa bifite impumuro ya chimique bigusubijwe mugusura nyuma, gerageza isuku yumye.

 

Uzaze kuri https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compound-impact-indoor-air-quality