Umwanda wo mu kirere ni iki?

Guhumanya ikirere mu nzu ni kwanduza umwuka wo mu ngo uterwa n’umwanda n’amasoko nka Carbone Monoxide, Ikintu Cyihariye, Ibinyabuzima bihindagurika, Radon, Mold na Ozone. Mugihe ihumana ry’ikirere ryo hanze ryashimishije abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, ikirere cyiza cyane uhura nacyo buri munsi gishobora guturuka mu ngo zawe.

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Umwanda wo mu kirere ni iki?

Hariho umwanda ugereranije utazwi wihishe hafi yacu. Nubwo umwanda muri rusange ari ikintu cyingenzi mubidukikije ndetse nubuzima, nkamazi cyangwa urusaku, benshi muritwe ntituzi ko ihumana ry’imbere mu ngo ryateje ingaruka nyinshi ku buzima ku bana ndetse n’abantu bakuru mu myaka yashize. Mubyukuri, Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kibishyira kurikimwe mu bitanu byambere byangiza ibidukikije.

Tumara hafi 90% byigihe cyacu mumazu kandi ni ukuri kugaragara ko imyuka yo mu nzu nayo yanduza ikirere. Ibyo byuka byo mu nzu birashobora kuba bisanzwe cyangwa antropogene; zikomoka mu kirere duhumeka kugeza kuzenguruka mu nzu no ku rugero runaka, biva mu bikoresho byo mu nzu. Ibyo byuka bihumanya ikirere cyo mu ngo.

Guhumanya ikirere mu nzu ni umwanda (cyangwa kwanduza) umwuka wo mu ngo uterwa n’umwanda n’amasoko nka Carbone Monoxide, Ikintu Cyihariye (PM 2.5), Ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC), Radon, Mold na Ozone.

Buri mwaka,hafi miliyoni enye zapfuye imburagihe zanditswe ku isi kubera ihumana ry’imbere mu ngon'abandi benshi barwaye indwara zifitanye isano nayo, nka asima, indwara z'umutima na kanseri. Umwanda uhumanya ikirere uterwa no gutwika ibicanwa bidahumanye hamwe n’itanura rikomeye rirekura imyanda ihumanya nka Nitrogen Oxide, Carbone Monoxide na Particulate Matter. Igituma ibi bireba cyane ni uko ihumana ry’ikirere ryateje mu ngoIrashobora kugira uruhare mu rupfu rutaragera ku 500.00 biterwa no guhumanya ikirere hanze.

Guhumanya ikirere mu ngo bifitanye isano cyane n'ubusumbane n'ubukene. Ibidukikije bizwi nka auburenganzira bw'itegeko nshinga bw'abaturage. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari abantu bagera kuri miliyari eshatu bakoresha amasoko yanduye y’ibitoro kandi baba muri bimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi nka Afurika, Amerika y'Epfo na Aziya. Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji n'ibicanwa bihari bikoreshwa mu nzu bimaze guteza ingaruka zikomeye. Ibikomere nko gutwika no gufata kerosene byose bifitanye isano ningufu zo murugo zikoreshwa mu gucana, guteka nibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano.

Hariho kandi ubusumbane bubaho iyo bwerekeza kuri uyu mwanda wihishe. Abagore nabakobwa bazwiho kwibasirwa cyane kuberako bamara umwanya munini murugo. Ukurikijeisesengura ryakozwe n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi mu 2016, abakobwa mu ngo zishingiye ku bicanwa bitanduye batakaza amasaha agera kuri 20 buri cyumweru bakusanya inkwi cyangwa amazi; ibi bivuze ko bari mubibazo, haba ugereranije ningo zifite ibicanwa bisukuye, kimwe nabagabo babo.

None se ihumana ry’imbere mu ngo rifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere?

Carbone yumukara (izwi kandi nka soot) na metani - gaze ya parike ifite ingufu nyinshi ni dioxyde de carbone - iterwa no gutwikwa nabi mu ngo ni umwanda ukomeye ugira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Ibikoresho byo guteka no gushyushya urugo bifite isoko yo hejuru ya karubone yumukara ikubiyemo ahanini gukoresha amakara ya briquettes, amashyiga yimbaho ​​nibikoresho gakondo byo guteka. Byongeye kandi, karubone yumukara igira ingaruka zikomeye zo gushyuha kuruta karuboni ya dioxyde; inshuro zigera kuri 460 -1,500 zikomeye kuruta karuboni ya dioxyde kuri buri gice cya misa.

Imihindagurikire y’ibihe nayo, irashobora no kugira ingaruka ku mwuka duhumeka mu nzu. Kuzamuka kwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera birashobora gukurura allergen yo hanze, ishobora kwinjira mumbere. Ibihe by’ikirere bikabije mu myaka ya vuba aha nabyo byamanuye ubwiza bw’imbere mu ngo byongera ububobere, ibyo bigatuma umukungugu, ifumbire na bagiteri byiyongera.

Ihuriro ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituzanira “ubwiza bw’ikirere”. Ubwiza bwimbere mu nzu (IAQ) bivuga ubwiza bwikirere mu nyubako no mu nyubako no hafi yacyo, kandi bujyanye nubuzima, ihumure n'imibereho myiza yabatuye inyubako. Muri rusange, ikirere cyo mu nzu kigenwa n’umwanda uri mu ngo. Kubwibyo, gukemura no kunoza IAQ, ni ugukemura inkomoko y’imyuka yo mu ngo.

Urashobora kandi gukunda:Imijyi myinshi yanduye kwisi

Inzira zo Kugabanya Umwanda Wanduye

Gutangirira hamwe, kwanduza urugo nikintu gishobora guhagarikwa kurwego rwiza. Kubera ko twese duteka mumazu yacu, dukoresheje ibicanwa bisukuye nka biyogazi, Ethanol nandi masoko ashobora kongera ingufu birashobora rwose kudutera intambwe. Inyungu ziyongereye kuri ibi, ni ukugabanya iyangirika ry’amashyamba no gutakaza aho gutura - gusimbuza biomass n’andi masoko y’ibiti - bishobora kandi gukemura ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi.

Binyuze muriIhuriro ry’ikirere n’isuku, Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bidukikije (UNEP) na ryo ryafashe ingamba zo gushyira imbere ishyirwaho ry’isoko ry’ingufu n’ikoranabuhanga rifite isuku rishobora kuzamura ubwiza bw’ikirere, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gushyira ku mwanya wa mbere akamaro k’inyungu z’ibidukikije, imibereho myiza n’ubukungu kimwe . Ubu bufatanye ku bushake bwa guverinoma, amashyirahamwe, ibigo bya siyansi, ubucuruzi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta byaturutse ku bikorwa byashyizweho mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ikirere no kurengera isi hagabanywa umwanda uhumanya ikirere (SLCPs).

Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) kandi rikangurira abantu kwirinda ihumana ry’ikirere mu gihugu no mu karere binyuze mu mahugurwa no mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo. Baremye aIsuku yo mu rugo Ingufu zo gukemura (CHEST), ububiko bwamakuru nubutunzi kugirango hamenyekane abafatanyabikorwa bakora ibisubizo byingufu zurugo nibibazo byubuzima rusange mugushushanya, gushyira mubikorwa no gukurikirana inzira zijyanye no gukoresha ingufu murugo.

Kurwego rwa buri muntu, hari uburyo dushobora kwemeza umwuka mwiza murugo rwacu. Nibyukuri ko kumenya ari ngombwa. Benshi muritwe dukwiye kwiga no gusobanukirwa inkomoko yumwanda uva mumazu yacu, yaba ituruka kuri wino, printer, amatapi, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo guteka, nibindi.

Komeza urebe neza fresheners ukoresha murugo. Mugihe benshi muritwe bafite ubushake bwo gutuma ingo zacu zitagira impumuro nziza kandi zikaze, zimwe murizo zishobora kuba intandaro y’umwanda. Kugirango urusheho gusobanuka, gabanya ikoreshwa rya fresheners yo mu kirere irimo limonene;iyi irashobora kuba isoko ya VOC. Guhumeka ni ngombwa cyane. Gufungura Windows yacu mugihe gikwiye, ukoresheje ibyemezo byemewe kandi bikora neza muyunguruzi hamwe nabafana bananiza biroroshye intambwe yambere yo gutangiriraho. Tekereza gukora isuzuma ry’ikirere, cyane cyane mu biro n’ahantu hatuwe, kugirango wumve ibipimo bitandukanye bigenga ubwiza bw’imbere mu nzu. Kandi, kugenzura buri gihe imiyoboro yamenetse hamwe namadirishya yidirishya nyuma yimvura irashobora gufasha gukumira imikurire yikibabi. Ibi bivuze kandi kugumana urugero rwubushyuhe buri hagati ya 30% -50% mubice bishobora kwegeranya ubuhehere.

Umwuka wo mu nzu no guhumana ni ibintu bibiri bifite kandi bikunze kwirengagizwa. Ariko hamwe nibitekerezo byiza kandi byubuzima bwiza, dushobora guhora duhuza nimpinduka, ndetse no murugo rwacu. Ibi birashobora kuganisha kumyuka isukuye hamwe nibidukikije bihumeka kuri twe no kubana, hanyuma, biganisha ku mibereho itekanye.

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