Uguhumana k'umwuka wo mu nzu ni iki?

Ihumana ry’umwuka wo mu nzu ni ubwandu bw’umwuka wo mu nzu buterwa n’imyanda n’amasoko nka Carbone Monoxide, Particles, Volatile Organic Compounds, Radon, Mold na Ozone. Nubwo ihumana ry’umwuka wo hanze ryakuruye ibitekerezo bya miliyoni z’abantu, ubwiza bw’umwuka mubi cyane uhura na wo buri munsi bushobora kuba buturuka mu ngo zawe.

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Uguhumana k'umwuka wo mu nzu ni iki?

Hari umwanda utazwi cyane utuzengurutse. Nubwo umwanda muri rusange ari ikintu cyingenzi mu bijyanye n’ibidukikije n’ubuzima, nk’amazi cyangwa urusaku, benshi muri twe ntituzi ko umwanda wo mu nzu wateje ingaruka nyinshi ku buzima bw’abana n’abantu bakuru mu myaka yashize. Mu by’ukuri, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) gishyira mu mwanya wacyo nk’uyu.kimwe mu bintu bitanu bikomeye bibangamira ibidukikije.

Tumara hafi 90% by'igihe cyacu mu nzu kandi ni ukuri kwagaragaye ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nzu nayo yanduza umwuka. Iyi myuka ihumanya ikirere ishobora kuba isanzwe cyangwa ikomoka ku bantu; ikomoka ku mwuka duhumeka ukagera ku miyoboro y'amazi mu nzu, ndetse no ku rugero runaka, ku bikoresho byo mu nzu. Iyi myuka ihumanya ikirere mu nzu ivamo umwanda w'umwuka.

Ihumana ry’ikirere cyo mu nzu ni umwanda (cyangwa ubwandu) bw’umwuka wo mu nzu uterwa n’imyanda n’amasoko nka Carbon Monoxide, Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Radon, Mold na Ozone.

Buri mwaka,Hafi miliyoni enye z'impfu z'imburagihe zanditswe hirya no hino ku isi ziturutse ku ihumana ry'ikirere cyo mu nzun'abandi benshi barwara indwara zifitanye isano na byo, nka asima, indwara z'umutima na kanseri. Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu ngo riterwa no gutwika ibicanwa bidasukuye n'amashyiga akomeye risohora imyanda ihumanya nka azote oxides, carbone monoxides na particulate matter. Igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uko umwuka uhumanya uterwa no mu nzu.bishobora gutera impfu hafi 500.00 z'imburagihe ziterwa n'ihumana ry'ikirere cyo hanze buri mwaka.

Ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu rifitanye isano rikomeye n'ubusumbane n'ubukene. Ibidukikije bizima bizwiho kubauburenganzira bw'abaturage bushingiye ku itegeko nshingaNubwo bimeze gutyo, hari abantu bagera kuri miliyari eshatu bakoresha amasoko y’ibicanwa bidasukuye kandi batuye mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi nka Afurika, ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo na Aziya. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga n’ibicanwa bikoreshwa mu nzu bisanzwe biteza ibyago bikomeye. Ibikomere nko gutwika no kunywa peteroli byose bifitanye isano n’ingufu zo mu rugo zikoreshwa mu gucana, guteka n’ibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano.

Hari kandi ukudahuza kw’ibi bintu bizwiho kuba bikunze kugaragara iyo havuzwe kuri uyu mwanda uhishe. Abagore n’abakobwa bazwiho kugira ingaruka cyane bitewe nuko bamara igihe kinini mu nzu.isesengura ryakozwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima mu 2016, abakobwa bo mu ngo zikoresha ibicanwa bidasukuye batakaza amasaha agera kuri 20 buri cyumweru bashakisha inkwi cyangwa amazi; ibi bivuze ko bari mu kaga, haba mu ngo zifite ibicanwa bidasukuye, ndetse no mu ngo zifite abagabo.

None se ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu rifitanye isano rite n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere?

Karuboni y'umukara (izwi kandi ku izina ry'umusemburo) na methane - imyuka ihumanya ikirere ifite imbaraga nyinshi ni dioxyde de carbone - iva mu gutwika nabi mu ngo ni imyuka ikomeye ihumanya ikirere igira uruhare mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere. Ibikoresho byo guteka no gushyushya mu ngo ni byo bitanga isoko nini ya karuboni y'umukara, ahanini ikoreshwa rya briquettes z'amakara, amashyiga y'ibiti n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo guteka. Byongeye kandi, karuboni y'umukara igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe kurusha dioxyde de carbone; ifite imbaraga zingana na 460 -1.500 kurusha dioxyde de carbone kuri buri gipimo cy'uburemere.

Imihindagurikire y'ikirere nayo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwuka duhumeka mu nzu. Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera bishobora gutera ubwinshi bw'ibintu bishobora gutera allergie hanze, bishobora kwinjira mu nzu. Imiterere y'ikirere ikabije mu myaka yashize nayo yagabanyije ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu binyuze mu kongera ubushuhe, bigatuma ivumbi, imyuka na bagiteri byiyongera.

Ikibazo cy’umwuka uhumanya ikirere wo mu nzu kidushyira ku “musaruro mwiza w’umwuka wo mu nzu”. Ubwiza bw’umwuka wo mu nzu (IAQ) buvuga ubwiza bw’umwuka uri mu nyubako no mu nkengero zazo, kandi bufitanye isano n’ubuzima, ihumure n’imibereho myiza y’abatuye mu nyubako. Muri make, ubwiza bw’umwuka wo mu nzu buterwa n’umwanda uri mu nzu. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo dukemure kandi tunoze IAQ, ni uguhangana n’inkomoko y’umwuka uhumanya ikirere wo mu nzu.

Ushobora kandi gukunda:Imijyi 15 yanduye cyane ku isi

Uburyo bwo kugabanya ihumana ry'umwuka wo mu nzu

Mbere na mbere, umwanda mu ngo ni ikintu gishobora kugabanywa ku rugero rwiza. Kubera ko twese duteka mu ngo zacu, gukoresha ibicanwa bisukuye nka biogas, ethanol n'izindi ngufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa bishobora kuduteza imbere. Inyungu yiyongereye kuri ibi ni ukugabanya kwangirika kw'amashyamba no gutakaza aho atuye - gusimbuza ibimera n'ibindi biti - bishobora no gukemura ikibazo gikomeye cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku isi.

Binyuze muriIhuriro ry'ikirere n'umwuka usukuyeIshami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bidukikije (UNEP) ryanafashe ingamba zo gushyira imbere ishyirwaho ry’ingufu n’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kunoza ubuziranenge bw’ikirere, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, no gushyira imbere akamaro k’inyungu z’ibidukikije, imibereho myiza n’ubukungu. Ubu bufatanye ku bushake bwa za guverinoma, imiryango, ibigo bya siyansi, ubucuruzi n’imiryango ya sosiyete sivile bwaturutse ku ngamba zashyizweho zo gukemura ubuziranenge bw’ikirere no kurengera isi binyuze mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihoraho (SLCPs).

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima (OMS) kandi ushishikariza abantu ku bijyanye n’ihumana ry’ikirere mu ngo zabo mu bihugu no mu turere binyuze mu mahugurwa n’inama zitaziguye. Bashyizeho uburyo bwoIbikoresho by'Ingufu Zisukuye zo mu rugo (IGITUBA)ububiko bw'amakuru n'umutungo kugira ngo hamenyekane abafatanyabikorwa bakora ku bisubizo by'ingufu mu ngo n'ibibazo by'ubuzima rusange kugira ngo hategurwe, hashyirwe mu bikorwa kandi hakurikiranwe inzira zijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu ngo.

Ku rwego rw'umuntu ku giti cye, hari uburyo dushobora gukoresha kugira ngo umwuka ube mwiza mu ngo zacu. Ni ukuri ko kumenya ibintu ari ingenzi. Benshi muri twe dukwiye kumenya no gusobanukirwa inkomoko y'umwanda uturuka mu ngo zacu, waba uturuka kuri wino, imashini zicapa, amatapi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho byo guteka, nibindi.

Reba neza imiti ivura umwuka ukoresha mu rugo. Nubwo benshi muri twe dukunda kugumana impumuro nziza mu ngo zacu, imwe muri yo ishobora kuba isoko y'umwanda. Kugira ngo turusheho gusobanura neza, gabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti ivura umwuka irimo limonene;ibi bishobora kuba isoko ya VOCsGuhumeka ni ingenzi cyane. Gufungura amadirishya yacu mu gihe runaka, gukoresha filters zemewe kandi zikora neza hamwe n'amafiriti asohora umwuka ni intambwe zoroshye zo gutangira. Tekereza gukora isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka, cyane cyane mu biro no mu mazu manini yo guturamo, kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibipimo bitandukanye bigenga ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu. Nanone, kugenzura buri gihe imiyoboro y'amazi n'amadirishya nyuma y'imvura bishobora gufasha gukumira kwiyongera kw'ubushuhe n'ibihumyo. Ibi bivuze kandi ko ubushuhe buguma hagati ya 30% na 50% mu bice bishobora gukusanya ubushuhe.

Ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu n'umwanda ni ibintu bibiri byirengagizwa kandi bikunze kwirengagizwa. Ariko iyo dufite imitekerereze myiza n'imibereho myiza, dushobora guhora duhura n'impinduka, ndetse no mu ngo zacu. Ibi bishobora gutuma tugira umwuka mwiza n'ibidukikije byo guhumeka kuri twe n'abana, bityo bigatuma tubaho neza.

Biturutse kuri earth.org.