Byasubiwemo kuva kuri GIGA
RESET ifasha mu kunoza ibidukikije biri mu nzu mu kwirinda indwara za virusi zo mu kirere.
“Nk’inganda, turimo gukora ibipimo bike cyane n’ibipimo by’ubwinshi bw’udukoko twandura mu kirere, cyane cyane iyo turebye uburyo ubwandu bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku kubaka uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’umwuka.”
Kuva mu ntangiriro za 2020, imiryango y’inganda yatanze ubuyobozi bwinshi ku buryo bwo gukoresha inyubako mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya SARS-CoV-2. Icyabuze ni ibimenyetso by’ubuhamya.
Iyo bihari, ibimenyetso by’ubuhanga biba byavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi bukorerwa muri laboratwari igenzurwa kandi nta bintu byinshi bihinduka nkana. Nubwo bikenewe mu bushakashatsi, akenshi bituma ikoreshwa ry’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi mu bintu bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. Ibi birushaho kwiyongera iyo amakuru aturutse mu bushakashatsi avuguruzanya.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, igisubizo cy'ikibazo cyoroshye: “Namenya nte ko inyubako ifite umutekano, ubu ngubu?"Birangira ari ibintu bigoye cyane kandi byuzuyemo gushidikanya."
Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu ndetse n'ubwoba bukomeje bwo kwanduzanya mu kirere.“Namenya nte ko umwuka uri mu mutekano, ubu ngubu?”ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ariko bigoye gusubiza.
Nubwo muri iki gihe bidashoboka gupima virusi zo mu kirere mu buryo bufatika, birashoboka gupima ubushobozi bw'inyubako mu kugabanya ubushobozi bw'ubwandu buturuka ku ikwirakwizwa ry'ikirere (cyane cyane aerosol), mu buryo bufatika mu buryo butandukanye. Kubikora bisaba guhuza ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ibyavuye mu buryo bufatika kandi bufite akamaro.
Icy'ingenzi kiri mu kwibanda ku bipimo by'ubuziranenge bw'umwuka bishobora kugenzurwa no gupimwa haba mu duce twa laboratwari no mu nzu; ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, dioxyde de carbone (CO2) n'uduce tw'ikirere. Kuva aho, birashoboka ko habaho ingaruka z'impinduka z'umwuka cyangwa igipimo cyo gusukura umwuka.
Ibisubizo birakomeye: bituma abakoresha babona urwego rwo kunoza imiterere y’ahantu ho mu nzu hashingiwe nibura ku bipimo bitatu cyangwa bine by’ubuziranenge bw’umwuka wo mu nzu. Ariko, nkuko bisanzwe, ukuri kw’ibisubizo bigenwa n’ukuri kw’amakuru akoreshwa: ubuziranenge bw’amakuru ni ingenzi cyane.
Ireme ry'amakuru: Guhindura siyansi mu buryo bw'imikorere bugezweho
Mu myaka icumi ishize, RESET yibanze ku gusobanura ireme ry'amakuru n'ubunyangamugayo ku bikorwa by'inyubako. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu gusuzuma inyandiko za siyansi zijyanye n'ihererekanywa ry'indege, aho RESET yatangiriye kwari ukumenya itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi: intambwe ya mbere y'ingenzi mu gusobanura ibitagenda neza biva mu nyandiko za siyansi, byongerwa ku rwego rw'ibitagenda neza byakusanyijwe mu igenzura rihoraho.
Ibisubizo byashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe ingingo z’ubushakashatsi zikunze kugaragara, harimo:
- Uburyo virusi ishobora kubaho
- Ubuzima bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa Host (host)
- Igipimo (ingano uko igihe kigenda gihita)
- Igipimo cy'ubwandu/ubwandu
Kubera ko ubushakashatsi bukunze gukorwa ahantu hatazwi, ibisubizo bivuye muri izi ngingo bitanga gusa ishusho y'ibipimo by'ibidukikije bitera cyangwa bigabanyije umubare w'abandura. Byongeye kandi, buri ngingo y'ubushakashatsi iza ifite urwego rwayo rwo kutamenya neza.
Kugira ngo izi ngingo z'ubushakashatsi zihindurwe mu bipimo bikoreshwa mu bikorwa by'ubwubatsi, ingingo zashyizwe mu buryo bukurikira bw'imibanire:
Uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bwemereraga kwemeza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi (harimo no kutamenya neza) binyuze mu kugereranya ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ibumoso n'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi iburyo. Byanatangiye gutanga ubumenyi bw'ingirakamaro ku ruhare rwa buri gipimo mu kwandura. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi by'ingenzi bizatangazwa mu nkuru yihariye.
Kubera ko virusi zigira ingaruka zitandukanye ku bipimo by’ibidukikije nk’ubushyuhe n’ubushuhe, uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bwakoreshejwe kuri Grippe, SARS-CoV-1 na SARS-CoV-2, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bubivuga.
Mu bushakashatsi burenga 100 bwasuzumwe, 29 bwahuye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubushakashatsi bwacu kandi byashyizwe mu iterambere ry’iki gipimo. Ukwivuguruza mu byavuye mu bushakashatsi ku giti cyabwo byatumye habaho amanota atandukanye, bifasha mu buryo bugaragara kwemeza ko ibitazwi neza mu gipimo cya nyuma. Ibisubizo bigaragaza amahirwe yo gukora ubushakashatsi bw’inyongera ndetse n’akamaro ko kugira abashakashatsi benshi basubiramo ubushakashatsi bumwe.
Akazi ko gukusanya no kugereranya ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'itsinda ryacu karakomeje kandi karashobora kuboneka mu gihe ubisabye. Bizatangazwa nyuma yo gusesengura ibindi, hagamijwe gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo hagati y'abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abakora inyubako.
Ibisubizo bya nyuma birimo gukoreshwa mu kwerekana ibipimo bibiri, ndetse n'amanota atazwi neza, hashingiwe ku makuru y'igihe nyacyo aturuka mu bapima ubuziranenge bw'umwuka wo mu nzu:
- Igipimo cy'Iterambere ry'Inyubako: Mbere hibandwaga ku bintu bito, CO2, imyuka idafite ibinyabutabire (VOCs), ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, RESET Index irimo kwagurwa kugira ngo ishyiremo ubushobozi bwo kwandura mu rwego rusange rw'inyubako mu kunoza ubuzima bw'abantu.
- Indwara ziterwa n'ikirere zishobora kwandura: Ibara uruhare rw'inyubako mu kugabanya ubwandu bushobora kwandura binyuze mu nzira zikoreshwa mu kirere (aerosol).
Ibipimo biha kandi abakora inyubako isesengura ry’ingaruka ku buzima bw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira virusi no kwandura, byose bizatanga ubumenyi ku musaruro w’ibyemezo by’imikorere.
Anjanette GreenUmuyobozi, Iterambere ry'Amahame, RESET
“Izi mbonerahamwe ebyiri zizongerwa kuri RESET Assessment Cloud, aho zizakomeza guhinduka. Ntabwo zizasabwa kugira ngo zihabwe icyemezo, ariko zizaboneka ku bakoresha nta kiguzi cy’inyongera binyuze muri API nk'igice cy'ibikoresho byabo byo gusesengura.”
Kugira ngo birusheho kunoza ibyavuye mu bipimo, hari ibindi bipimo birimo gushyirwa mu isuzuma rusange. Ibi birimo ingaruka z'ibisubizo byo gusukura umwuka wo mu nzu, impinduka z'umwuka zipimirwa mu gihe nyacyo, kubara uduce duto tw'umwuka hamwe n'amakuru y'uko ibintu bibaho mu gihe nyacyo.
Igipimo cya nyuma cy’ikoreshwa ry’inyubako hamwe n’ikimenyetso cy’ubwandu bw’ikirere kirimo kuboneka bwa mbere binyuze muSUBIZAHO ABATANGA AMAKURU BEMEREWE (https://reset.build/dp) kugira ngo bipimwe kandi bikosorwe, mbere yo gutangazwa ku mugaragaro. Niba uri nyir'inyubako, umukoresha, umukode cyangwa umuhanga mu bya siyansi ushishikajwe no kugira uruhare, twandikire. (info@reset.build).
Raefer Wallis, washinze RESET
“Mu myaka umunani ishize, uduce duto twapimwe n’abahanga bake gusa: umuntu usanzwe nta buryo yari afite bwo kumenya niba inyubako ye yakozwe neza kugira ngo igire umutekano,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe. “Ubu, kunoza inyubako ku duce duto bishobora gupimwa n’umuntu uwo ari we wese, aho ari ho hose n’igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, mu bunini butandukanye. Tugiye kubona ibintu nk’ibyo bigenda no kunoza inyubako mu buryo bwo koroshya ikwirakwizwa rya virusi mu kirere, gusa ni vuba cyane. RESET ifasha ba nyir’inyubako kuguma imbere y’abandi.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Nyakanga-2020